The US justice department said the company and its Syrian subsidiary actively sought IS’ help to squeeze out competitors when the radical Islamists controlled large parts of Syria and Iraq in 2013 to 2014, operating an effective “revenue sharing agreement” with them.

It also paid access and protection money to associates of IS and the similarly radical Al-Nusrah Front, ultimately earning some US$70 million in revenues during the period, with a Lafarge executive saying the cooperation was “to share the cake”.

Lafarge agreed to the fine and to plead guilty to one count of conspiring to provide material support to US-designated foreign terrorist organisations, the first time a corporation has faced the charge.

‘Unthinkable choice’

US officials said Lafarge, now owned by Swiss giant Holcim Group, made itself a handmaiden to terror for profits.

“In the midst of a civil war, Lafarge made the unthinkable choice to put money into the hands of IS, one of the world’s most barbaric terrorist organisations, so that it could continue selling cement,” US prosecutor Breon Peace said.

“This unprecedented charge and resolution reflect the extraordinary crimes committed and demonstrates that corporations that take actions in contravention of our national security interests in violation of the law will be held to account,” Peace said.

In a statement, Lafarge said the company and its defunct subsidiary Lafarge Cement Syria “have accepted responsibility for the actions of the individual executives involved”.

“We deeply regret that this conduct occurred and have worked with the US department of justice to resolve this matter.”

Holcim, which took over Lafarge in 2015 without knowledge of the Syria business dealings, said it had been cleared of any wrongdoing by US authorities.

“None of the conduct involved Holcim, which has never operated in Syria, or any Lafarge operations or employees in the US,” it said.

Holcim shares traded in Switzerland were suspended temporarily when the announcement was made but ended the day up 2.8% at 42.82 Swiss francs.

Millions in payments

Lafarge began operating a €680 million cement plant in northern Syria in 2010, the year IS swept the region with a brutal campaign to establish its extremist “caliphate”.

That sparked a counteroffensive by the Iraq military and Syrian Kurdish forces backed by the US-led international coalition in the region.

The US designated IS and Al-Nusrah terror organisations, threatening tough penalties against anyone working with them.

Rather than withdraw like other companies, Lafarge kept working to market its cement, the justice department said.

From 2013 to 2104, it paid IS and Al-Nusrah around US$5.9 million, some for raw materials, some as payments based on the volume of cement sold and some simply as monthly “donations”.

Lafarge paid another US$1.1 million to intermediaries between the two groups.

It also worked out a deal with IS to make it harder for cheaper Turkish cement suppliers to sell their goods in the same area, allowing Lafarge to keep its prices higher.

Sharing ‘the cake’

Company executives knew of the arrangement, the justice department said.

In 2014, a senior supervisory official who reported directly to Lafarge’s chief executive wrote to officials in the Syria subsidiary about negotiations with IS.

“We have to maintain the principle that we are ready to share the ‘cake’, if there is a ‘cake’,” he wrote, defining cake as “profit”.

Lafarge “negotiated and made unlawful payments at a time when these groups were gaining territory and brutalising innocent civilians in Syria and elsewhere and were actively plotting against Americans”, said US assistant attorney general Matthew Olsen.

Lafarge still faces charges in France for complicity in crimes against humanity.

In May, a French appeals court approved the charge, opening the door for a trial of the company and eight executives, including former CEO Bruno Lafont.

Lafarge continues to fight that case, but now faces the possibility of the introduction of evidence from the US prosecution.

Unlike in the US, it does not have the option of negotiating a settlement, which is disallowed under French anti-terrorism statutes.