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The report said there was no solid proof that the landslide was partially caused by “anthropogenic activities”, which refer to human activities that lead to changes in the environment.
“The slope and road maintenance was carried out according to schedule at the incident site,” said the report, which was released by the National Disaster Management Agency (Nadma) today.
The report added that two major slope failures had occurred in the incident, with the first occurring after the slope’s structure experienced high water saturation, which led to a collapse zone with an average depth of 14m and 120m in length.
“Subsequently, the debris consisting of soil, rocks and trees from the first landslide mass accumulated at the toe of the failed slope, forming an artificial temporary dam.
“Surface water flowed from the collapsed scarp and existing river water accumulated behind the temporary dam. After 20 minutes, the temporary dam broke, resulting in the second landslide mass in the form of debris flow, covering the entire campsite.”
The report said human activities could have an effect on slope stability, but maintained that it could not be conclusively proven if it had a significant role in the Batang Kali landslide.
“Without substantial evidence linking specific human activities to the landslide, it is reasonable to consider it as primarily a result of natural failure.”
It recommended that Putrajaya extend the implementation of the National Slope Master Plan 2009-2023 by 15 years to establish effective slope management plans.
Citing “ongoing climate change”, it said this is necessary to reduce the risk of loss of property and lives.
It also suggested that state governments produce slope hazard and risk maps for state roads, similar to what had been practised for federal roads.
“The development of big data analytics using advanced artificial intelligence technology systems is recommended to manage slope data comprehensively and integrate the data at all stakeholder levels for informed decision-making.”
It also recommended that the relevant authorities enforce existing laws and guidelines regulating camp and recreational sites.
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